Tarlov Cysts: The Spinal Cysts Most People Don’t Know They Have

What Are Tarlov Cysts?

Tarlov cysts are small, fluid-filled sacs that form on the nerves at the base of the spine. Many people have Tarlov cysts but do not know it. In fact, these spinal cysts often cause no symptoms. However, some people may feel pain or discomfort. Tarlov cysts are sometimes called perineural cysts. They are most often found in the lower back, near the sacrum. Because most people do not notice them, Tarlov cysts are usually found by accident during scans for other reasons.

Common Symptoms

Most Tarlov cysts do not cause problems. But sometimes, they press on nerves and cause symptoms. For example, you might notice:

Lower back pain or pressure

Pain that spreads to the legs or buttocks

Numbness or tingling in the legs

Weakness in the legs

Problems with bladder or bowel control

Headaches, especially when standing up

However, these symptoms can also happen with other spine problems. Therefore, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice any of them.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors are not sure exactly why Tarlov cysts form. Some experts think they may develop after an injury to the spine. Others believe they are present from birth. In addition, certain factors may raise your risk:

Being female (Tarlov cysts are more common in women)

Having a family history of spinal cysts

Previous back injuries

Connective tissue disorders, like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Still, most people with these risk factors never develop symptoms.

How Tarlov Cysts Are Diagnosed

Doctors often find Tarlov cysts during imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans. These scans show detailed pictures of the spine. If you have symptoms like back pain or numbness, your doctor may order these tests. Sometimes, doctors use a special dye to see the cysts more clearly. After finding a cyst, your doctor will check if it is causing your symptoms. Not all spinal cysts need treatment.

Treatment Options

Many people with Tarlov cysts do not need treatment. If you have no symptoms, your doctor may suggest watching and waiting. However, if the cyst causes pain or nerve problems, treatment may help. Options include:

Pain medicine or anti-inflammatory drugs

Physical therapy to strengthen back muscles

Draining the cyst with a needle (rarely done)

Surgery to remove or shrink the cyst (for severe cases)

Each treatment has risks and benefits. Therefore, your doctor will help you choose the best option for your needs.

Living With Tarlov Cysts

Even though Tarlov cysts can be scary, most people live normal lives. For example, you can manage mild symptoms with simple steps:

Use heat or cold packs for back pain

Practice gentle stretching or yoga

Avoid heavy lifting or twisting your back

Stay active, but rest when needed

Talk to your doctor about safe exercises

Additionally, support groups can help you connect with others who have spinal cysts. Sharing your experience may make coping easier.

Prevention and When to See a Doctor

There is no sure way to prevent Tarlov cysts. However, you can protect your spine by using good posture and avoiding injuries. If you notice new back pain, numbness, or bladder problems, see a doctor soon. Early diagnosis can help you get the right care. In summary, most Tarlov cysts are harmless. But if you have symptoms, do not ignore them.

For personalized advice about Tarlov cysts, consult Dr Sameep Koshti today.